Yes, the composition of the water can impact the effectiveness of iontophoresis. The treatment relies on the natural minerals and salts in tap water to conduct a gentle electrical current.

Water that has been heavily filtered, softened, deionised or demineralised may have reduced conductivity, which can limit the effectiveness of the treatment.

For best results, use regular tap water where possible. If you are using a home filtration system, ensure the water still contains natural minerals such as calcium and magnesium.

If you are unsure about your water quality, you can use bottled table water or add a small amount of salt to improve conductivity.

Treatment with iontophoresis devices must never be used in patients:

• with pacemakers
• with defibrillator implants
• who are pregnant
• who have an IUD containing metal (no treatment of the feet)
• with metal implants near the region where the current is to be applied
• with major skin defects/wounds that cannot be covered with Vaseline
• with areas of skin near the treatment area with limited or no sensitivity (e.g. polyneuropathy)
• with major wounds, rashes, swelling, localized inflammations, or acute local infections
• diagnosed or suspected heart issues or epilepsy

During the initial phase, treatment is typically carried out daily or every other day. Most users begin to see improvement after around 10–20 sessions.

In the maintenance phase, frequency can vary depending on individual needs. Some users may require treatment a few times per week, while others may only need occasional sessions each month. Over time, you can adjust your routine to find what works best for you.

No. Antiperspirants, including aluminium-containing products such as Sweat Guard antiperspirants, should not be used on the areas being treated with iontophoresis.

This is because aluminium particles may interact with the current transport process, which can increase skin sensitivity and may lead to irritation or discomfort in the treated area.

It is normal for the skin to feel drier following treatment. Iontophoresis works by temporarily altering the skin’s natural balance through ion transport, which helps reduce sweat production. This drying effect is expected and indicates the treatment is working.

Top tip: Apply a moisturiser after treatment to keep the skin comfortable. Avoid applying creams before treatment, as the skin should be clean and free from oils. Always wash and thoroughly dry the area before starting your session.

If you have small cuts, cracks or areas of broken skin, these should be protected before treatment. Apply a generous layer of Vaseline to any affected areas to help prevent discomfort.

When preparing your treatment, ensure the water level does not cover the nail beds, as this area can be more sensitive and may lead to discomfort if exposed repeatedly.